Proof of Paradise. Real Experience of a Neurosurgeon

Berthold Spuler - a German historian, oriental scholar, and Turkologist, one of the leading experts on the history of Islam, presents the history of Islamic civilization - "The Age of Caliphs" as a global phenomenon that goes beyond the doctrines of the Muslim religion, encompassing a cultural heritage to which all Muslim circles have contributed to a greater or lesser extent. Spuler narrates the rise and fall of great dynasties such as the Umayyads, Abbasids as well as lesser-known dynasties like the Nasrids, Hafsids, and others. He also pays attention to Spanish Islam, especially emphasizing its originality. The "Mongol Period" is the history of the Mongols and the countries with which they established contacts and entered into conflicts: the Great Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan and his successors), the Ilkhanate of Persia, the Mongols in Central Asia, the Mamluk Egypt, Timur, India before and after Timur. The author writes about Muslims in Eastern Europe and on Russian territories. His work is organized, interesting, and understandable.