Ethnogenesis and Biosphere of Earth

The main theoretical work of the outstanding domestic historian, geographer, and thinker L.N. Gumilev is dedicated to describing the laws of the functioning of the ethnosphere as a form of existence of the species Homo sapiens on the planet Earth. To explain these laws, the author introduced into scientific circulation the phenomena he discovered: passionarity, ethnic field, phases of ethnogenesis, positive and negative complementarity, superethnoses, antisystem, ethnic chimera, and others. The book answers many questions whose relevance has sharply increased recently. Why does humanity divide into ethnicities? What cements different, often dissimilar people into a single ethnic integrity—a nation? What is civilization? What is the lifespan of superethnoses? Why can't a single religion and a common culture for all humanity be created? Why can some peoples coexist peacefully with their neighbors while others continuously strive for superiority and the capture of foreign lands and resources? What are antisystems, what are the reasons for their emergence, their nature, and the consequences of their activities? The author of the preface to L.N. Gumilev's book "Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of Earth" is I.S. Shishkin. The book is equipped with a bibliography, an index of historical figures, an index of cited authors, and a list of illustrations and tables. This book will help thoughtful readers navigate the complexities of the modern restless world, where the clash of civilizations based on diametrically opposite value systems is occurring before our eyes. The book is addressed to historians, geographers, philosophers, ethnologists, and a wide range of interested readers.